Ischemic Toes after Venous Thromboembolism: A Difficult Differential Diagnosis with Good Response to Combination Therapy—A Case Report

The obliteration of the arterial vascular system of toes is considered as a potentially catastrophic event in clinical practices. In most instances, the cessation of arterial blood flow heralds a serious underlying pathology. A definite classification of some cases is somehow difficult and subject to diagnostic challenges. The aim of the present case study is to share and discuss potentially complex and multifactorial mechanisms of some acute vascular events. In this report, we deal with a 46-year-old man with a rather gradual-onset ischemia of his toe who responded favorably to a combination of pulsed glucocorticoid and anticoagulation within a week

{4,4′-Dibromo-2,2′-[2,2-dimethyl­propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolato-κ4 O,N,N′,O′}nickel(II)

In the title compound, [Ni(C19H18Br2N2O2)], the NiII ion, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from the Schiff base ligand in a distorted square-planar geometry. Weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal structure

Estimating longitudinal dispersion coefficient in natural streams using empirical models and machine learning algorithms

The longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) plays an important role in modeling the transport of pollutants and sediment in natural rivers. As a result of transportation processes, the concentration of pollutants changes along the river. Various studies have been conducted to provide simple equations for estimating LDC. In this study, machine learning methods, namely support vector regression, Gaussian process regression, M5 model tree (M5P) and random forest, and multiple linear regression were examined in predicting the LDC in natural streams. Data sets from 60 rivers around the world with different hydraulic and geometric features were gathered to develop models for LDC estimation. Statistical criteria, including correlation coefficient (CC), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), were used to scrutinize the models. The LDC values estimated by these models were compared with the corresponding results of common empirical models. The Taylor chart was used to evaluate the models and the results showed that among the machine learning models, M5P had superior performance, with CC of 0.823, RMSE of 454.9 and MAE of 380.9. The model of Sahay and Dutta, with CC of 0.795, RMSE of 460.7 and MAE of 306.1, gave more precise results than the other empirical models. The main advantage of M5P models is their ability to provide practical formulae. In conclusion, the results proved that the developed M5P model with simple formulations was superior to other machine learning models and empirical models; therefore, it can be used as a proper tool for estimating the LDC in rivers

Evaluation of Survival Rate and Pattern of Risk Factors and Recurrence Rate in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with other Subtypes

Introduction: Breast cancer nowadays is one the major health issue especially in industrial population. Despite excessive researches in this regard, there is still no detailed and relevant information on the association between the risk factors of this cancer and its many outcomes. Due to increasing rate of breast cancer in Iran, including Yazd city, the present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between survival and recurrence rate with pattern of risk factors in breast cancer patients.Methods: This analytical study was conducted retrospectively on 333 patients with breast cancer during 8 years (2005-2013). Total survival and recurrence rates recorded in month for all samples, and then were analyzed and compared other obtained data. Chi-square and log rank were selected tests for analyzing and Kaplan-Meier was applicable curve for survival analyzing.Results: The mean age of subjects was 57.02 ± 12.32 years. The mean total survival rate was 93.15 ± 1.25 months (97.9%). The mean total recurrence rate was 84.59 ± 1.91 months (89.8%). The subgroups of breast cancer had no significant relationship with risk factors (P>0.05) though BMI and recurrence rate had significant relationship (P=0.045). Other risk factors had no significant relationship with total survival and recurrence rates. The mean duration of OCP (oral contraceptive pill) consumption was significantly more in the patients with ER-PR-Her2+ subgroup than other groups (P=0.03).  Conclusion: According the findings, BMI lower than 25 is strong prognostic factor for recurrence rate in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Because of high survival rate of patients with breast cancer during eight years, it is recommended to study on high survival period with larger sample sizes for accessing reliable evidence.

Evaluation of Suspended Matter less than 10 µm and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases: in Urmia City, 2015

Introduction: Air pollution induced by human activities is one of major challenges faced by Iran, as well as the world . The AirQ model was used to evaluate the cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributable to the exposure to suspended particles of less than 10 µm in Urmia city of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, in 2015. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Urmia in 2015. The hourly data of the PM10 (particle matter up to 10 µm) pollutant were extracted as the raw material from the Environmental Health Center. The health effects of suspended particles of less than 10 µm were estimated by statistical analysis using the World Health Organization’s AirQ model.Results:  According to the results concentration of PM10 was higher in the cold seasons compared with the warm seasons. The annual average of PM10 concentration was 3.9 times higher than that prescribed as per the standards of clean air in Iran. In addition, the cumulative numbers of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the city of Urmia in the median estimate were 287 and 744 cases, respectively. Conclusion: As a consequently, air pollution in the Urmia city has contributed significantly to the rate of hospitalizations and deaths of people in 2015. Therefore, authorities should make appropriate, sustainable, and applicable strategies based on comprehensive research to control the Urmia air pollution crisis

A Study of Women’s Attitude towards Sport Participation and its Effective Socio-Psychological Factors

Introduction Today, sport is considered as a basic need in all over the world. Participation in sport activities professionally, until recently was a male activity and women had no significant contribution in sport activities. After World War II, however, women's disposition to sport activities changed, because of factors such as improvements in leisure time, living standards, attention to health and fitness, mass media effects, paying more attention to sport achievements, and change in traditional gender roles. However, despite the importance and necessity of sport participation for women, women's participation in sport activities is still limited as a global rule. For example, sport participation rates for women is 56% in Britain and 59.9% in Australia. In the US, more than 55.2% of the population of women are overweight on the basis of body mass index. In addition, 37.9% of the American women don’t have any physical activity during the week. Sport participation of women is not also satisfactory in Iran and the results of some national surveys show that, about 41.2% of Iranian women do get more or less involved in sport activities but others do not. Many reasons have been proposed to explain women unwillingness to participate in sport activities. They can be classified into three main categories including practical, personal and socio-cultural barriers, and also many studies have been conducted to investigate influential factors on women’s sport participation. In the categories of personal and socio-cultural barriers, rarely have been studied the factors that influence women’s attitude towards participation in sport activities. So, the main goal of the present research is to investigate the relationship between social trust, self-esteem and instrumental personality and women’s attitude towards sport participation in Iran. Materials and Methods The research is a survey study. Research population include all women aged 15-30 in Jahrom in Fars province. Sample size is 336 individuals who were selected by means of random multi-stage sampling method. The measurement tool is a set of four researcher-made questionnaires including attitude towards sport participation (2 dimensions and 12 items), social trust (2 dimensions and 10 items), self-esteem (2 dimensions and 10 items) and instrumental personality based on Talcott Parsons’s theory (3 dimensions and 15 items). The Validity of the scales was measured using factor analysis technique. Based on the results, KMO test is 0.79 for attitude towards sport participation, 0.73 for social trust scale, 0.74 for self-esteem scale, and finally 0.66 for instrumental personality scale, which show that the sampling is adequate. Moreover, Bartlett test, is significant for all scales, suggesting that there exist significant correlations among variables. In total, the factor analysis ultimately led to delete 2 items of attitude towards sport participation, 2 items of social trust, 4 items of self-esteem and 7 items of instrumental personality scales. Discussion of Results and Conclusions In total, 336 individuals answered our questions. The mean age of respondents is 22.6 years old and the mean years of education is 13 years. 194 respondents (57.7%) were single and 142 (42.3%) were married. 271 respondents (80.7%) were unemployed and 65(19.3%) were employed. 95 respondents (28.3%) had one or more children and 241(71.7%) had no child. On the basis of the scales results, the mean of attitude towards sport participation was 29.2 (within a range of 10-50), the mean of social trust was 18.8 (within a range of 8-40), the means of self-esteem was 16.8 (within a range of 6-30) and the mean of instrumental personality was 25.4 (within a range of 8-40). Based on the descriptive research findings, we can say that the mean score for attitude towards sport participation is low in Iran. This finding is compatible with other studies in which women's sport participation is not satisfactory in Iran. For the purpose of evaluating the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable, namely attitude towards sport participation, multivariate regression analysis was used, the results of which are presented in Table No. 1. Table 1. The relationship between independent variables and attitude towards sport participation. Variables R Adjusted R Square F Sig B Beta T Sig Constant .30 .088 4.3 .000 17.6 - 4.6 .000 Instrumental Personality -.07 -.05 .9 .35 Social Trust .18 .13 2.4 .02 Self-Esteem .06 .03 .51 .61 Age .31 .23 2.9 .003 Marital Status -.20 -.02 .23 .81 Child(s) -.56 -.04 -.60 .55 Education .16 .06 1.1 .24 Occupation .39 .03 .42 .68 On the basis of the figures shown in Table 1, we can say that there is a positive significant relationship between social trust and age with attitude towards sport participation and there is no significant relationship between instrumental personality, self-esteem, marital status, having children or not, education and occupation with attitude toward sport participation. The results also show that social trust and age are able to explain about .09% of the variance of the attitude towards sport participation. Although a positive and significant relationship between social trust and women’s attitude toward sport participation is compatible with theoretical framework, lack of significant relationship between instrumental personality and self-esteem with the attitude towards sport participation is not compatible with theoretical framework. Therefore, it should be considered and justified in terms of socio-cultural situation of women in Iran